ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B17

work visible. If there are alerts that are not effectively initiated by a particular object, then the Device object acts as the Alert Source object. For distribution of alerts, an Alert Enrollment object is linked to a Notification Class object that is part of the regular Notification Distribution function. There may be distinct Notification Class objects for alerts, or the same Notification Class objects are used for the alerts as are used for event state transition notifications. Alerts are stateless and are not related to the event state of the Alert Source object, if any. Also, alerts do not support acknowledgment. An Alert Source object may issue various alerts, and does not need to have properties related to event reporting. Any object present in a device with an Alert Enrollment object, including the Device object itself, may issue alerts, regardless of its object type and support of optional functionality. The determination of conditions to issue an alert is internal to the Alert Source object and not network visible. For consistency, the Alert Enrollment object has the common set of properties related to event reporting. But most of them will contain a static value. For example, the Event_State will always indicate the Normal event state. The Acked-Transitions flags will always have all flags set. In others, only the value for the To-Normal transition is relevant.

Alert Notifications
Alert notifications are conveyed using the standard confirmed or unconfirmed event notification service requests. The difference between event notifications from Event State Detection and that from alert notifications, is that the Event Source object is always and exclusively of type Alert Enrollment. There are no regular event notifications from an Alert Enrollment object. Since the Event Source object conveyed in the notification is the Alert Enrollment object, how does the notification recipient know about the Alert Source object that has issued the alert? And further, how is alert information
November 2011

conveyed in the notification? What information is conveyed? The answer is that the ‘Extended’ variant of event notifications is used. Although the notification parameters of this variant are defined by the vendor, the first extended parameter value must be the object identifier of the Alert Source object. Figure 5 shows the resulting event notification, and what the single message parameters convey. The alert notification parameters are filled in from different sources, if not constant. The Alert Enrollment object, as the Event Source object, provides the ‘Initiating Device Identifier’, the ‘Event Object Identifier’, the ‘Time Stamp’, the ‘Notification Class’, the ‘Message Text’ and the ‘Notify Type’. The Notification Class object, referred to by the Alert Enrollment object, provides the ‘Process Identifier’ and the ‘Priority’, from values of its respective properties. All that is conveyed in the ‘Event Values’ section of the alert notification is provided by the effective Alert Source object. The ‘Vendor ID’, in a sense, identifies the name space for the particular type of alert conveyed. This typically will be the Vendor ID of the device manufacturer. A manufacturer could also use some other vendor’s alert definition, so the other manufacturer’s Vendor ID would be used here. Also, ASHRAE could define standard alerts under its Vendor ID 0. The ‘Extended Event Type’ is a numeric identifier of the particular alert type. These identifiers must be administered by the respective vendor indicated in the ‘Vendor ID’ parameter. In the ‘Parameters’ section, the Alert Source’s object identifier must be present as first value. This is where recipients have to look for the Alert Source object, which originated the alert. Following the Alert Source object identifier, an arbitrary sequence of primitive data type values or property values that include the property identification may follow. The effective content and sequence is defined by the vendor, and interpreted by the client based on the ‘Vendor ID’ and the ‘Extended Event Type’.

Future Developments On Alarming
With Addendum 135-2010af, the first phase of alarming revisions and enhancements has been completed. The Objects & Services Working Group is working on further improvements. The following topics are being discussed: • Extension of Event Algorithms and addition of new algorithms to support additional data types of values monitored by the algorithms. As an example, a new Change-ofValue event algorithm variant is to be added that will support event reporting on change of discrete values. • New Fault Algorithms that define limits for floating point and other numeric values beyond which a particular fault is indicated. • Relaxation of requirements to support complex alarm summarization services; only the execution of GetEventInformation is required to be supported by event reporting devices. • Update of related topics to become consistent with the alarming revision, e.g., workstation BIBB requirements, or alarm and event BIBBs for event subscription.

You may now be overwhelmed by this revision. So was the committee when the topics to be addressed were identified, and the amount of work needed became clearer. For timely completion, a number of topics were postponed and excluded from this revision. There is still work ahead, but it will build on this revision. The topics currently in discussion are outlined in the sidebar, “Future Developments on Alarming.” Most of the changes are clarifications, consistency improvements, or are optional additions. This revision represents a significant improvement to the BACnet standard.
B17

B A C n e t ® To d a y & t h e S m a r t G r i d | A S u p p l e m e n t t o A S H R A E J o u r n a l



ASHRAE Journal - November 2011

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - November 2011

ASHRAE Journal - November 2011
Contents
Commentary
Industry News
Letters
Meetings and Shows
Feature Articles
Commissioning High-Tech Facilities
Streamlining Energy Simulation to Identify Building Retrofits
Technology Award Case Studies:
Laundry Upgrade
Creating a Healing Environment: Efficient Hospital
Standing Columns
Emerging Technologies
Products
Special Supplement: BACnet® Today and the Smart Grid
Commentary
BACnet: Operator Workstations
BACnet Alarming Revised
Information Model Standard for Integrating Facilities with Smart Grid
Demand Response and Standards: New Role for Buildings in the Smart Grid
Getting Smart on the Electrical Grid
Washington Report
Special Section
InfoCenter
IAQ Applications
Classified Advertising
Advertisers Index
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - ASHRAE Journal - November 2011
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Commentary
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Industry News
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Letters
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 12
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 14
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Meetings and Shows
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Commissioning High-Tech Facilities
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 22
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 24
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 26
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 28
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 30
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Streamlining Energy Simulation to Identify Building Retrofits
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 33
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 34
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 36
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 40
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 42
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Laundry Upgrade
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 45
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 46
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 48
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 49
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 50
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 51
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Creating a Healing Environment: Efficient Hospital
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 53
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 54
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 55
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 56
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 57
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Emerging Technologies
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 59
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 60
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 61
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 62
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 63
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Products
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Special Supplement: BACnet® Today and the Smart Grid
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B2
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B3
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Commentary
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B5
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - BACnet: Operator Workstations
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B7
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B8
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B9
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B10
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B11
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - BACnet Alarming Revised
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B13
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B14
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B15
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B16
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B17
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Information Model Standard for Integrating Facilities with Smart Grid
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B19
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B20
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B21
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B22
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Demand Response and Standards: New Role for Buildings in the Smart Grid
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B24
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B25
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B26
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B27
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B28
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Getting Smart on the Electrical Grid
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B30
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B31
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B32
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B33
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B34
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B35
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - B36
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Washington Report
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - InfoCenter
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 67
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 68
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 69
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 70
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 71
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 72
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - IAQ Applications
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 74
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 75
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 76
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 77
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Classified Advertising
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 79
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Advertisers Index
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - Cover4
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 121
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 122
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 123
ASHRAE Journal - November 2011 - 124
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